Expected Distance of a Random Point from the Centre of a Regular Polygon
Closed form for the expected distance from the centre of a regular n-gon of unit circumradius, via a Jacobian substitution on one fundamental triangle; three triangle-sampling methods for computational verification.
Pick a point uniformly at random in a regular -gon with circumradius one. What is the expected distance to the centre? The Jacobian substitution reduces the double integral to a tractable product, giving a closed form that evaluates to for and for . The PDF includes three methods for sampling uniformly from a triangle (parallelogram, Kraemer, inverse CDF) and Python code verifying the closed form.